Research Publications (Food Safety)

Abstract

Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica is an important gastrointestinal pathogen causing a considerable burden of disease. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins poses a serious threat for treatment of severe infections.

It has long been accepted that Shiga toxin (Stx) only exists in Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. However, in recent decades, the presence of Shiga toxin genes (stx) in other Shigella spp. have been reported. We screened 366 Shigella flexneri strains from Alberta, Canada (2003 to 2016) for stx and 26 positive strains were identified. These isolates are highly related with the majority originating from the Dominican Republic and three isolates with Haiti origin.

Environmental Microbiology, EarlyView. Listeria monocytogenes, the causative agent of listeriosis, has been implicated in increasing foodborne outbreaks worldwide. The disease is manifested in various forms ranging from severe sepsis in immune-compromised individuals, febrile gastroenteritis, still birth, abortions and meningoencephalitis. In India, data from studies on the detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of L. monocytogenes are only recently emerging.

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Accepted Article. Aims

Vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen indigenous to estuarine and marine environments and associated with aquatic organisms. Vibrio vulnificus is of utmost importance because it causes 95% of the seafood-related deaths in the United States due to rapid progression of septicemia.

Factor for inversion stimulation is a global regulator that is highly expressed during exponential phase growth and undetectable in stationary phase growth. Quorum sensing (QS) is a global regulatory mechanism that controls gene expression in response to changes in cell density and growth phase.

Trichodermin, a trichothecene first isolated in Trichoderma species, is a sesquiterpenoid antibiotic that exhibits significant inhibitory activity to the growth of many pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea by inhibiting the peptidyl transferase involved in eukaryotic protein synthesis.

The acute radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) has raised much concerns and is influenced by non-cytocidal radiation effects including the perturbations in gut microbiota. Although a number of studies have reported alteration in gut microbiota following radiation, little is known about its dynamic variation in the progression of acute RIII.

Author(s): Doaa Ibrahim, Asmaa T.Y. Kishawy, Safaa I. Khater, Eman Khalifa, Tamer Ahmed Ismail, Haiam A. Mohammed, Shimaa S. Elnahriry, Heba A. Tolba, Wafaa R.I.A. Sherief, Mohamed F.M. Farag, Marwa I.Abd El-Hamid

Author(s): Qian Cheng, Kristine Castañeda-Gulla, Evelyn Sattlegger, Anthony N. Mutukumira

Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are a diverse group of enzymes that could catalyze the oxidation of different xenobiotic compounds, with simultaneous reduction in oxygen to water. Aside from laccase, one member of the MCO superfamily has shown great potential in the biodegradation of mycotoxins; however, the mycotoxin degradation ability of other MCOs is uncertain.

Letters in Applied Microbiology, Accepted Article. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of phenolic-rich extracts from acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C., PEA), cashew apple (Anacardium occidentale L., PEC) and mango (Mangifera indica L., PEM) by-products on distinct enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains. The capability of PEA and PEC of impairing various physiological functions of ETEC strains was investigated with multiparametric flow cytometry.

Background

Background

Author(s): Brandon Sit, Bolutife Fakoya, Matthew K Waldor

Author(s): Yi-An Chen, Hsin-Yun Hsu, Hui-Erh Chai, Joseph Uknalis, Shiowshuh Sheen Impact of papaya extract (PaExt) and high pressure processing (HPP) on survival of Salmonella spp., meat quality and microstructure of chicken breast meat was studied. Samples have been pre-treated with PaExt (0.3%, w/w) in 1, 3 and 5 h, respectively, then followed by 350 and 450 MPa (10 min, 4 °C) HPP treatment.

Chicken Farmers of Canada has been progressively phasing out prophylactic use of antibiotics in broiler chicken production. Consequently, hatcheries, veterinarians, and nutritionists have been mandated to contend with less reliance on the use of preventive antibiotics. A topical concern is the increased risk of proliferation of enteric pathogens leading to poor performance, increased mortality, and compromised welfare.

Author(s): Hwa Jeong You, Jung Hyen Lee, Minjin Oh, Sin Young Hong, Doyeon Kim, Jieun Noh, Minsik Kim, Byoung Sik Kim

Author(s): Yizhu Zhao, Jiahuan Fu, Peng Li, Ningbo Chen, Yanjie Liu, Dan Liu, Yuming Guo

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent inhibitors of synaptic vesicle fusion and transmitter release. The natural target of BoNTs is the peripheral neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where, by blocking the release of acetylcholine (ACh), they functionally denervate muscles and alter muscle tone. This leads them to be an excellent drug for the therapy of muscle hyperactivity disorders, such as dystonia, spasticity, and many other movement disorders.

The emergence of multi-drug resistant E. coli is an important matter of increasing considerable concern to global public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, antibiotic resistance pattern and phylogroups of E. coli isolates obtained from raw milk, vegetable salad and ground meat samples collected from Qazvin Province (Iran).

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen that causes clinical mastitis in goats and produces infections difficult to cure. Different antimicrobials as fluoroquinolones have been used against S. aureus. However, the studies developed to evaluate the bacterial drug interaction only have used the MIC as a single reference point with artificial growth media. The aims of this study were to describe the effect of marbofloxacin on S.

Brucella melitensis Rev.1 is a live attenuated vaccine strain that is widely used to control brucellosis in small ruminants. For successful surveillance and control programs, rapid identification and characterization of Brucella isolates and reliable differentiation of vaccinated and naturally infected animals are essential prerequisites.

Plant microbiomes play an important role in agricultural productivity, but there is still much to learn about their provenance, diversity, and organization.