Research Publications (Food Safety)

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Accepted Article. Noroviruses belong to a genetically diverse group of viruses infecting a wide range of mammalian host species., and those detected in cattle and sheep are classified within genogroup III (GIII).

Objectives
Norovirus genotype GII.3[P12] strains have been an important pathogen for sporadic gastroenteritis infection. In previous studies of GII.3[P12], the number of specimens and time span are relatively small, which is difficult to truly reflect the infection and evolution of this type of norovirus. Here we report a molecular epidemiological study of the NoVs prevalent in Jiangsu between 2010 and 2019 to investigate the evolution of the GII.3[P12] strains in China.

Author(s): Péter Pankovics, Ákos Boros, Zoltán László, Sándor Szekeres, Gábor Földvári, Eda Altan, Eric Delwart, Gábor Reuter

The first wave of COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) hits Sri Lanka in mid-March, which led to the lockdown of the country.1 This was thought to link to changes in food availability, modes of acquisition, and food safety which could lead to worsening malnutrition and related comorbidities in Sri Lanka.2

by Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall, Constance Wielick, Olivier Jolois, Lorène Dams, Ravo M. Razafimahefa, Hans Nauwynck, Pierre-Francois Demeuldre, Aurore Napp, Jan Laperre, Etienne Thiry, Eric Haubruge

Background

Author(s): Jessica M. van Loben Sels, Luke W. Meredith, Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev, Miranda de Graaf, Marion P.G. Koopmans, Lisa C. Lindesmith, Ralph S. Baric, Kim Y. Green, Ian G. Goodfellow

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Accepted Article. Avian influenza (AI) is an important zoonotic disease, which can be transmitted across species barriers to other hosts, especially humans, posing a serious threat to the poultry industry and public health.

Human noroviruses are the dominant causative agent of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. During the winter of 2014–2015, genotype GII.17 cluster IIIb strains emerged as the leading cause of norovirus infection in Asia and later spread to other parts of the world. It is speculated that mutation at blockade epitopes may have resulted in virus escape from herd immunity, leading to the emergence of GII.17 cluster IIIb variants.

H9N2 avian influenza virus has been continuously circulating among poultry and can infect mammals, indicating that this virus is a potential pandemic strain. During influenza pandemics, secondary bacterial (particularly pneumococcal) pneumonia usually contributes to excessive mortality. In the present study, we observed the dynamic effect of H9N2 virus infection on host defense against secondary pneumococcal infection in mice.

Author(s): Philippe Raymond, Sylvianne Paul, André Perron, Louise Deschênes, Kenji Hara

Concentration of viruses in water is necessary for detection and quantification of the viruses present, in order to evaluate microbiological barriers in water treatment plants and detect pathogenic viruses during waterborne outbreaks, but there is currently no standardised procedure.

Author(s): Jun Li, Rumeng Li, Qi Zhang, Peipei Peng, Xiaoquan Wang, Min Gu, Zenglei Hu, Xinan Jiao, Daxin Peng, Jiao Hu, Xiufan Liu

Introduction:Very little artificial intelligence (AI) work has been performed to investigate acetaminophen-associated hepatotoxicity. The objective of this study was to develop an AI algorithm for analyzing weighted features for toxic hepatitis after acetaminophen poisoning.Methods:The medical records of 187 patients with acetaminophen poisoning treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were reviewed. Patients were sorted into two groups according to their status of toxic hepatitis.

by The PLOS ONE Staff

S. Ramachandran et al.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Accepted Article. Since 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N6 viruses have been responsible for outbreaks in poultry. In this study, four H5N6 virus strains were isolated from fecal samples of sick white ducks and dead chickens in Shandong in 2019. These H5N6 viruses were triple‐reassortant viruses that have not been previously characterized. Their HA genes were derived from the H5 viruses and were closely related to the vaccine strain Re‐11.

Zoonoses and Public Health, EarlyView. In humans, hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for an acute enterically transmitted hepatitis, which can become chronic in immune‐compromised patients. Genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV‐3 and HEV‐4) are zoonotic, and domestic pigs and wild boar are the main reservoirs.

The detection of fecal viral pathogens in water is hampered by their great variety and complex analysis. As traditional bacterial indicators are poor viral indicators, there is a need for alternative methods, such as the use of somatic coliphages, which have been included in water safety regulations in recent years.

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Accepted Article. Aim
To evaluate generally recognized as safe (GRAS) liquid wash formulations against hepatitis A virus‐contaminated strawberries and blackberries in order to identify a formulation suitable for reducing virus contamination.

Rotavirus is one of the major causes of infectious gastroenteritis among infants and children, and live attenuated vaccines for rotavirus A (RVA), namely, Rotarix and RotaTeq, have recently become available in Japan. Rotavirus is known to be excreted from patients and accumulated in oysters similar to norovirus; however, the vaccine strains in aquatic environments or oysters have not yet been analyzed.

by Xin Yin, Guohua Deng, Xianying Zeng, Pengfei Cui, Yujie Hou, Yanjing Liu, Jingzhen Fang, Shuxin Pan, Dongxue Wang, Xiaohan Chen, Yaping Zhang, Xiurong Wang, Guobin Tian, Yanbing Li, Yan Chen, Liling Liu, Yasuo Suzuki, Yuntao Guan, Chengjun Li, Jianzhong Shi, Hualan Chen