Research Publications (Food Safety)

Author(s): Quan-Ying Wang, Nai-Wen Hu, Hong-Wen Yu, Qi-Rong Wang, Yu-Xin Liu, Jing Yue, Bo Hu

Author(s): Zhijie Yang, Yuqin He, Haifang Wang, Qiong Zhang

Author(s): Soo-Hwan Kim, Sunna Jyung, Dong-Hyun Kang We investigated the aspects of S. Typhimurium biofilms and their resistance (thermal and chemical) depending on the different morphotypes at room temperature (rdar; strain 43971 and bdar; strain 19585) and maturation temperature.

This cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the common Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) contaminating veterinary clinic environments, and to evaluate the susceptibility of the isolates to commonly used antibiotics and biocides. A total of 62 swab samples were collected from different frequently touched surfaces in the 4 veterinary clinics visited. The samples were processed for isolation and identification of GNB using standard microbiological procedures.

Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses cause devastating outbreaks in farmed poultry with serious consequences for animal welfare and economic losses. Zoonotic infection of humans through close contact with H5N1 infected birds is often severe and fatal. England experienced an outbreak of H5N1 in turkeys in 1991 that led to thousands of farmed bird mortalities.

Phosphatic clays, one type of phosphorite industry wastes, could induce environmental issues and geological disasters when they are piled in the open air. Previous research demonstrated that phosphatic clays usually exhibit poor performance in heavy metal immobilization mostly due to low phosphate content. Thus, phosphatic clays could not be applied in practical heavy metal remediation without pretreatment.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infects humans by colonizing the large intestine, and causes kidney damage by secreting Shiga toxins (Stxs). The increased secretion of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) by some antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (CIP), increases the risk of hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS), which can be life-threatening.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Accepted Article. Poultry and poultry-derived products such as meat and eggs are among the main sources of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) transmission to the human.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Accepted Article. Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variants have been the major causative agents of cholera worldwide since their emergence in the 2000s. Cholera remains endemic in some regions in Malaysia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of the V. cholerae O1 El Tor strains associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases to elucidate the molecular evolution among the strains circulating in this region. A total of 45 V.

Emiliania huxleyi is a cosmopolitan member of the marine phytoplankton. This species’ capacities for carbon sequestration and sulfur mobilization make it a key player in oceanic biogeochemical cycles that influence climate on a planetary scale. Seasonal E. huxleyi blooms are abruptly terminated by viral epidemics caused by a clade of large DNA viruses collectively known as coccolithoviruses (EhVs). EhVs thereby mediate a significant part of material and energy fluxes associated with E.

Through staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) production, Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of food poisoning. Detection of staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) is mostly performed using immunoassays, which, however, only detect five of 27 SEs described to date. Polymerase chain reactions are, therefore, frequently used in complement to identify a bigger arsenal of SE at the gene level (se) but are labor-intensive.

Over the past 11 years, the Slovak National Reference Laboratory has collected a panel of 988 Listeria monocytogenes isolates in Slovakia, which were isolated from various food sectors (61%), food-processing environments (13.7%), animals with listeriosis symptoms (21.2%), and human cases (4.1%).

Coxiella burnetii is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of a worldwide zoonosis known as Q fever. The pathogen invades monocytes and macrophages, replicating within acidic phagolysosomes and evading host defenses through different immune evasion strategies that are mainly associated with the structure of its lipopolysaccharide. The main transmission routes are aerosols and ingestion of fomites from infected animals.

Many bacterial species, including Vibrio cholerae (the pathogen that causes cholera), enter a physiologically viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state at low temperature or in conditions of low nutrition; this is a survival strategy to resist environmental stress. Identification, detection, and differentiation of VBNC cells and nonviable cells are essential for both microbiological study and disease surveillance/control. Enumeration of VBNC cells requires an accurate method.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common enteric pathogen that causes diarrhoea in humans and animals. Lactobacillus rhamnosus LB1 (formerly named Lactobacillus zeae LB1) has been shown to reduce ETEC infection to Caenorhabditis elegans and Salmonella burden in pigs. This study was to evaluate the effect of L. rhamnosus LB1 on the gut health of lactating piglets that were challenged with ETEC.

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) shows promising activity against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), however, CAZ-AVI resistance have emerged recently. Mutations in KPCs, porins OmpK35 and/or OmpK36, and PBPs are known to contribute to the resistance to CAZ-AVI in CRKP. To identify novel CAZ-AVI resistance mechanism, we generated 10 CAZ-AVI-resistant strains from 14 CAZ-AVI susceptible KPC-producing K.

There is urgent need for spintronics materials exhibiting a large voltage modulation effect to fulfill the great demand for high-speed, low-power-consumption information processing systems. Fcc-Co (111)-based systems are a promising option for research on the voltage effect, on account of their large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and high degree of freedom in structure.

by Sayran Hamad Haji, Safaa Toma Hanna Aka, Fattma A. Ali

Background

by Lidia Redondo-Bravo, Beatriz Fernandez-Martinez, Diana Gómez-Barroso, Alin Gherasim, Montserrat García-Gómez, Agustín Benito, Zaida Herrador

Introduction

by Glen J. Golden, Maryanne Opiekun, Talia Martin-Taylor, Bruce A. Kimball

by Matthieu Faron, Pierre Blanchard, Laureen Ribassin-Majed, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Stefan Michiels, Gwénaël Le Teuff

Introduction

Author(s): Wattana Pelyuntha, Kitiya Vongkamjan Salmonella contaminated in poultry meat remains an important food safety issue as this pathogen leads to a serious foodborne illness worldwide. A number of poultry meat products have often been recalled or rejected due to Salmonella contamination leading to high economic losses each year.

Author(s): Anna Onopiuk, Klaudia Kołodziejczak, Monika Marcinkowska-Lesiak, Andrzej Poltorak

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem with about 257 million chronically infected people and over 887000 deaths annually. In this study, 32 whole HBV genomes of various genotypes were amplified from clinical isolates to create transfection clones. The clones were sequenced, and their biological properties characterized by transfecting linear HBV clones into HepG2 cells.

  Campylobacter jejuni   strains that produce sialylated lipooligosaccharides (LOS) can cause the immune-mediated disease Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).