An official website of the United States government.

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Research Publications (Food Safety)

This page tracks research articles published in national and international peer-reviewed journals. Recent articles are available ahead of print and searchable by Journal, Article Title, and Category. Research publications are tracked across six categories: Bacterial Pathogens, Chemical Contaminants, Natural Toxins, Parasites, Produce Safety, and Viruses. Articles produced by USDA Grant Funding Agencies (requires login) and FDA Grant Funding Agencies (requires login) are also tracked in Scopus.

Displaying 1 - 21 of 21

  1. Effect of yeast mannan-rich fractions on reducing Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Campylobacteriosis is considered to be the most frequently reported cause of zoonotic illness globally, with poultry being the main source of infection. Reducing the colonization level of Campylobacter spp. in broilers entering the processing unit could make an effective contribution at reducing the incidence of zoonotic transmission of this pathogen.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  2. Optimizing Enrichment of Campylobacter on poultry

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Poultry meat represents the primary source of Campylobacter-associated foodborne illness. Current methods set forth by USDA-FSIS for qualitative detection of Campylobacter from poultry involve selective enrichment to enhance recovery of cells. Due to the time and expense associated with these methods, there is a demand for more effective and economical methods of analysis.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  3. Routes of transmission of Salmonella and Campylobacter in breeder turkeys

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Salmonella and Campylobacter are frequent colonizers of the intestinal tracts of poultry and have often been associated with human foodborne illness. The entry, transmission, and prevalence of both pathogens have been extensively studied in chickens but little information is available for turkeys.

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
      • Campylobacter
  4. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in Moroccan laying hens farms

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Increasing emergence of salmonellosis presents a threat to the effective control of foodborne disease in humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of drug susceptibility and molecular characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolated from laying hens (LH) in 3 Moroccan regions, Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaër (RSZZ), Souss-Massa-Drâa (SMD), and the grand Casablanca (GC).

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
  5. Efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas in reducing Escherichia coli and Salmonella from broiler house environments

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are considered to be the major pathogens associated with human transmissible infectious diseases in the air of poultry houses. Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is an effective biocide against a wide range of microorganisms. Accordingly, this study investigated the efficiency of gaseous ClO2 application for disinfecting broiler houses by collecting air samples before and after fumigation using a passive method.

      • Bacterial pathogens
      • Salmonella
  6. Campylobacter detection in broiler ceca at processing: A three-year, 211-flock survey 1

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Campylobacter is associated with live broilers and chicken meat products. There is some discussion in the literature about the possibility that Campylobacter prevalence in broilers could be affected by season or weather conditions. The objective of this study was to measure the flock prevalence of Campylobacter by sampling cecal contents from multiple flocks in one commercial slaughter plant over the course of 3 years.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  7. The effects of a competitive exclusion product and two probiotics on Salmonella colonization and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Competitive exclusion (CE) cultures, given as a single dose on the day of hatch, together with good hygienic practices has been shown to be a novel approach to control Salmonella in poultry. The ability of the CE product Broilact and 2 probiotics, FloraMax-B11 and Colostrum, to prevent Salmonella colonization in newly hatched chickens was evaluated employing a slightly modified Mead-model chicken assay.

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
  8. Immune response of broiler chickens supplemented with prebiotic from Sacharomyces cerevisiae challenged with Salmonella enteritidis or Minnesota

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Salmonella enterica has more than 2,500 different serovars that have been described as causes of human infections, and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis is the most prevalent of these serovars. In some regions in Brazil, S. enterica serovar Minnesota was prevalent in 37.93% of broiler samples. This study evaluated the effect of a prebiotic (PREB) based on mannan oligosaccharide on the immune response of broilers challenged against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) or Minnesota (SM).

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
  9. Injury and death of various Salmonella serotypes due to acidic conditions

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Acid injury could prevent detection of Salmonella in feed and feed-type samples. A previous study showed that after incubation in commonly used pre-enrichment media, mixed feeds and feed ingredients reached a pH (4.0 to 5.0), capable of injuring or killing Salmonella. Approximately 105 colony forming units (CFU) of S. Enteritidis (SE), S. Heidelberg (SH), S. Kentucky (SK), or S.

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
  10. Prebiotics and probiotics used alone or in combination and effects on pullet growth and intestinal microbiology

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • A study was conducted examining the effects of prebiotics and probiotics separately and in combination on growth parameters, fecal and cecal microbiota.

      • Bacterial pathogens
  11. Effects of dietary chlorine dioxide on growth performance, intestinal and excreta microbiology, and odorous gas emissions from broiler excreta

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a powerful biocide that has long been used commercially to control microbial activity in various sectors. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of dietary ClO2 on growth performance, intestinal and excreta microorganisms, and the emission of odorous gas from broiler excreta. A total of 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were provided with experimental diets including ClO2 at 0, 0.05, or 0.1% of the diet at random.

      • Bacterial pathogens
  12. Evaluation of post-chill applications of antimicrobials against Campylobacter jejuni on poultry carcasses

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Current regulatory guidelines to control poultry-borne pathogens, more specifically Campylobacter jejuni, necessitate the need for novel applications of antimicrobials during poultry processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA; 100 and 200 ppm) and sodium hypochlorite (SH; 25 and 50 ppm) as antimicrobial interventions to reduce C. jejuni on fresh poultry using 2 separate application methods (spray and immersion).

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  13. Organic acid blend in diets of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a blend of organic acids (OAs) in diets with or without antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Day-old male broiler chicks were used in a trial with 4 treatments and 6 replicates of 50 birds per pen, for 43 days, in a completely randomized design. The treatments in a 2x2 factorial arrangement consisted of the presence or absence of enramycin (AGP) and of a blend of OA in the feed.

      • Bacterial pathogens
      • Clostridium perfringens
  14. Combinations of plant-derived compounds against Campylobacter in vitro

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Campylobacter occur in fresh retail poultry products as a result of their colonization of the gastro-intestinal tract of chickens during growth. Feed additives could be used for suppression of Campylobacter levels in the chickens prior to slaughter. To address this opportunity, feed manufacturers are targeting natural antimicrobials from plant material as new forms of consumer-accepted feed additives.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  15. Salmonella and antimicrobial resistance in broilers: A review

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen which can readily pass from animal to man through the consumption of contaminated food. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica associated with poultry and poultry meat products has been well-documented and this prevalence has both public health and economic implications. The estimated total cost for nontyphoidal Salmonella is in excess of 14 billion dollars/year in the United States alone.

      • Salmonella
      • Bacterial pathogens
  16. The efficacy of selected probiotic and prebiotic combinations in reducing Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness worldwide and is associated with consumption of poultry products. One potential strategy to reduce Campylobacter colonization in poultry is the use of probiotics. In an attempt to reduce Campylobacter in poultry, we isolated 117 GRAS (generally recognized as safe) bacterial isolates from the ceca of healthy birds and evaluated their efficacy against Campylobacter, using a soft agar overlay technique.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  17. A framework for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials in the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • This review presents a framework for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobials used to control necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) in the context of susceptibility testing and clinical efficacy, and their potential interactions with the intestinal microbiota of poultry.

      • Clostridium perfringens
      • Bacterial pathogens
  18. Detection of Campylobacter in 100 commercial flocks-Evaluation of plating media and filtration method

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Campylobacter is a natural member of the gut microflora in many commercial broilers and as such can become a contaminant on edible surfaces during processing. Culturing gut contents or feces can be a means to determine flock status prior to live-haul. The wide variety of non-Campylobacter background bacteria in these complex samples contaminates growth media and can make it very difficult to isolate Campylobacter.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  19. Pathogen re-colonization of in-house composted and noncomposted broiler litter

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • In-house litter composting has been reintroduced to the industry and shown to reduce bacteria by as much as 2 orders of magnitude. Other industries have demonstrated that pathogens can recolonize a waste-residual when microbial competition has been reduced or inhibited following composting. Poultry growers, in the process of shifting to in-house composting for pathogen control, should be aware of this potential problem.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
  20. On farm prevention of Campylobacter and Salmonella: lessons learned from basic biosecurity interventions

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • An observational study examining prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in environmental samples and biosecurity interventions to mitigate these 2 pathogens was performed for 3 consecutive flocks on a commercial broiler farm in northeast Georgia. Monitoring was performed first on a baseline flock for which no interventions or treatments were undertaken.

      • Campylobacter
      • Bacterial pathogens
      • Salmonella
  21. Bioactive berry juice byproducts as alternative and natural inhibitors for Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum

    • Journal of Applied Poultry Research
    • Fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Gallinarum biovars Salmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) and Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum), remain large threat to the organic poultry industry. These infections are serious threats to poultry health and overall flock viability especially at their early age.

      • Bacterial pathogens
      • Salmonella