Research Publications (Nutrition)

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) catalyzes the reversible conversion of tetrahydrofolate (THF) and serine-producing THF-conjugated one-carbon units and glycine in the mitochondria. Biallelic SHMT2 varian...

Rationale: Commercially blenderized tube feeding formulas (CBTF) containing a variety of real foods is suitable, and often preferred, for patients who have difficulty tolerating standard tube feeding formulas (STD-TF) which might be plant based but do not contain real food.

Background Obesity and chronic diseases are significant public health issues in the Middle East and North Africa region. A robust body of evidence demonstrated the association between beverage consumption, obesity, and chronic diseases. Therefore, the assessment of beverage consumption is gaining more interest in health policy development, food industry partnerships, research expansion and community involvement.

Rationale: Acute non-diarrheal conditions like viral illnesses and heat-related illnesses may lead to fluid, electrolyte & energy (FEE) deficits due to reduced intake or increased losses including insensible losses. The impact of oral fluid, electrolytes & energy supplementation along with standard of care treatment on recovery in such conditions is yet to be evaluated.

Rationale: Enteral Nutrition is a life-sustaining treatment often initiated in the hospital setting and may continue upon discharge as part of the continuum of care. The study objective was to evaluate healthcare costs among adult patients receiving a commercial blenderized tube feeding (CBTF) formula in post-acute care.

Background There is no study in the world on the relationship between consuming black and green tea as beverages containing polyphenols and the risk of MS.

Rationale: Frailty is a clinical condition associated with loss of muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia). Although sarcopenia has multifactorial causes, it might be partly attributed to a blunted response to anabolic stimuli. Leucine acutely increases muscle protein synthesis and resistance training (RT) is a strong anabolic stimulus to counteract sarcopenia. The effects of chronic leucine supplementation in conjunction with RT are unknown.

Rationale: The low-protein diet effectively slows the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and postpones the initiation of dialysis treatment. Our Center adopted a very low-protein diet (0.3 g/kg/day) supplemented with essential aminoacids, without ketoanalogs, in patients with eGFR <15 ml/min(1).

Rationale: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedD) reduces the risk of breast cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. LIBRE, a randomized controlled trial [1], assesses the effect of the MedD on breast cancer in an at-risk population. Here, we assess possible effects of the MedD on fecal bile acids (BAs) and fecal long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), which are associated with cancer development.

Rationale: In this scoping review we aimed to identify and map available evidence concerning counseling strategies that contribute to effective dietary counseling. Dietary counseling, as component of dietary treatment, is important to empower clients in achieving dietary treatment goals.

Rationale: During pregnancy, both maternal and foetal requirements for omega-3 fatty acids (FA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), increase significantly. Omega-3 FA are critical for the neurodevelopment of the foetus and are important for the mother’s health in pregnancy, the timing of gestation and birth weight. The aim of the study was to assess omega-3 FA intake and their levels in erythrocyte membranes in maternal blood.

Rationale: A systematic review concluded that people generally changed their eating patterns to improve their diets after receiving a cancer diagnosis. However, most of these studies were among women with breast cancer; only a few studies were performed on people with colorectal cancer (CRC), and only a small proportion of these was undertaken in the UK. This study aims to determine whether people with CRC adhere to more healthy eating recommendations compared to those without cancer.

Rationale: The type of diet may influence the nutritional status during pregnancy. In order to evaluate the relevance of an assessment of possible health benefits or risks of plant-based diets during pregnancy, data on the prevalence of these diets are needed. Therefore, the present study aimed to collect data on the prevalence of a vegan, vegetarian or pescetarian diet before and/or during pregnancy.

Rationale: Sixty-nine patients from the hemodialysis unit at Hospital Presidente Estrella Ureña were evaluated during the month of May 2022. The variables of sex, age, nutritional status, calorie and protein intake, levels of albumin and comorbidities were compared to the patients' dynamometry before and after dialysis sessions.

Rationale: Various polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are key substrates from which eicosanoids with profound metabolic and immune functions are made. Yet, their storage and distribution in specific tissues has never been precisely determined.

Rationale: The available data on the effects of the dietary intake of different amino acids on glucose homeostasis are contradictory. Accumulating evidence suggests a positive impact of intermittent fasting (IF) on the glycemic profile of fasters. However, whether this benefit relates to amino acid ingestion remains unknown.

Rationale: The gut hormone glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) may promote neuroprotective pathways in diabetic patients (1). This study in obese subjects investigates whether specific diets can beneficially influence GLP1 release thereby modulating gut microbial composition and glucose metabolism.

Rationale: It has been noted that patients on enteral nutrition may experience complications of enteral feeding intolerance (EFI) such as diarrhea, nausea, and gastrointestinal reflux, which may lead to poor nutritional status and clinical outcomes. A formula (PEPTAMEN PREBIO; PP) containing whey peptide as a protein source and PHGG, inulin, and fructooligosaccharides as prebiotics has been available for clinical use in Japan since January 2022.

Rationale: Translation of evidence in type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention is associated with substantial challenges of implementation that affect its effectiveness. This study aims to evaluate the implementation process of a pilot Czech-DPP intervention and the change in cardiometabolic risk factors.