Research Publications (Food Safety)

by Nisha Mahey, Rushikesh Tambat, Ritu Kalia, Rajnita Ingavale, Akriti Kodesia, Nishtha Chandal, Srajan Kapoor, Dipesh Kumar Verma, Krishan Gopal Thakur, Sanjay Jachak, Hemraj Nandanwar

by Dhira Saraswati Anggramukti, Eiji Ishii, Andre Pratama, Mohamad Al Kadi, Tetsuya Iida, Toshio Kodama, Shigeaki Matsuda Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The major virulence factor responsible for the enteropathogenicity of this pathogen is type III secretion system 2 (T3SS2), which is encoded on the 80-kb V.

by Takuma Ariizumi, Koshiro Tabata, Yukari Itakura, Hiroko Kobayashi, William W. Hall, Michihito Sasaki, Hirofumi Sawa, Keita Matsuno, Yasuko Orba

by Nigel Yarlett, Mary Morada, Deborah A. Schaefer, Kevin Ackman, Elizabeth Carranza, Rodrigo de Paula Baptista, Michael W. Riggs, Jessica Kissinger Recent advances in the in vitro cultivation of Cryptosporidium parvum using hollow fiber bioreactor technology (HFB) have permitted continuous growth of parasites that complete all life cycle stages.

by Amy G. Wilson, David R. Lapen, Jennifer F. Provencher, Scott Wilson Macroecological approaches can provide valuable insight into the epidemiology of globally distributed, multi-host pathogens. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that infects any warm-blooded animal, including humans, in almost every habitat worldwide.

by Lijuan Bao, Hao Sun, Yihong Zhao, Lianjun Feng, Keyi Wu, Shan Shang, Jiawen Xu, Ruping Shan, Shiyu Duan, Min Qiu, Naisheng Zhang, Xiaoyu Hu, Caijun Zhao, Yunhe Fu Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) has been demonstrated to promote the development of mastitis, one of the most serious diseases in dairy farming worldwide, but the underlying mechanism is unclearn.

by Danielle M. Pierce, Frazer J. T. Buchanan, Fraser L. Macrae, Jake T. Mills, Abigail Cox, Khadijah M. Abualsaoud, Joseph C. Ward, Robert A. S. Ariëns, Mark Harris, Nicola J. Stonehouse, Morgan R. Herod The genomes of positive-sense RNA viruses encode polyproteins that are essential for mediating viral replication. These viral polyproteins must undergo proteolysis (also termed polyprotein processing) to generate functional protein units.

by Sarah K. Walsh, Ryan M. Imrie, Marta Matuszewska, Gavin K. Paterson, Lucy A. Weinert, Jarrod D. Hadfield, Angus Buckling, Ben Longdon Virus host shifts, where a virus transmits to and infects a novel host species, are a major source of emerging infectious disease.

by Justyna J. Jaskiewicz, Denise Ann E. Dayao, Donald Girouard, Derin Sevenler, Giovanni Widmer, Mehmet Toner, Saul Tzipori, Rebecca D. Sandlin Cryptosporidium hominis is a serious cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries. The development of therapeutics is impeded by major technical roadblocks including lack of cryopreservation and simple culturing methods.

by Nathan T. Taggart, Angela M. Crabtree, Jack W. Creagh, Rodolfo Bizarria Jr., Shunji Li, Ignacio de la Higuera, Jonathan E. Barnes, Mason A. Shipley, Josephine M. Boyer, Kenneth M. Stedman, F. Marty Ytreberg, Paul A. Rowley It has been 49 years since the last discovery of a new virus family in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A large-scale screen to determine the diversity of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses in S.

by Hao-Ching Wang, Shin-Jen Lin, Han-Ching Wang, Ramya Kumar, Phuoc Thien Le, Jiann-Horng Leu Photorhabdus insect-related toxins A and B (PirA and PirB) were first recognized as insecticidal toxins from Photorhabdus luminescens. However, subsequent studies showed that their homologs from Vibrio parahaemolyticus also play critical roles in the pathogenesis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in shrimps.

by Lena Krone, Larissa Faass, Martina Hauke, Christine Josenhans, Tobias Geiger As a facultative intracellular pathogen, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the leading causes of food-borne diseases in humans. With the ingestion of fecal contaminated food or water, S. Typhimurium reaches the intestine. Here, the pathogen efficiently invades intestinal epithelial cells of the mucosal epithelium by the use of multiple virulence factors.

by Manon Loubens, Carine Marinach, Clara-Eva Paquereau, Soumia Hamada, Bénédicte Hoareau-Coudert, David Akbar, Jean-François Franetich, Olivier Silvie Invasion of host cells by apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium spp requires the sequential secretion of the parasite apical organelles, the micronemes and the rhoptries.

by Felipe Tribiños, Patricio Cuevas, Isabel Cornejo, Francisco V. Sepúlveda, L. Pablo Cid Sea louse ectoparasitosis is a major threat to fish aquaculture. Avermectins such as ivermectin and emamectin have been effectively used against sea louse infestation, but the emergence of resistance has limited their use. A better understanding of the molecular targets of avermectins is essential to the development of novel treatment strategies or new, more effective drugs.

by Abhinaya Venkatesan, Pablo D. Jimenez Castro, Arianna Morosetti, Hannah Horvath, Rebecca Chen, Elizabeth Redman, Kayla Dunn, James Bryant Collins, James S. Fraser, Erik C. Anderson, Ray M. Kaplan, John S. Gilleard Ancylostoma caninum is an important zoonotic gastrointestinal nematode of dogs worldwide and a close relative of human hookworms. We recently reported that racing greyhound dogs in the USA are infected with A.

by Inge M. N. Wortel, Seonyoung Kim, Annie Y. Liu, Enid C. Ibarra, Mark J. Miller Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a food-borne pathogen that causes severe bacterial gastroenteritis, with high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Lm is ubiquitous in soil, water and livestock, and can survive and proliferate at low temperatures.

by Philipp-Albert Sänger, Stefanie Wagner, Elisabeth Liebler-Tenorio, Thilo M. Fuchs The human pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica strain W22703 is characterized by its toxicity towards invertebrates that requires the insecticidal toxin complex (Tc) proteins encoded by the pathogenicity island Tc-PAIYe. Molecular and pathophysiological details of insect larvae infection and killing by this pathogen, however, have not been dissected.

by Ran Mo, Wenhui Ma, Weijie Zhou, Beile Gao Campylobacter jejuni is a food-borne zoonotic pathogen of worldwide concern and the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal disease. In contrast to other enteric pathogens, C. jejuni has strict growth and nutritional requirements but lacks many virulence factors that have evolved for pathogenesis or interactions with the host. It is unclear how this bacterium has adapted to an enteric lifestyle.

by Rahul Singh Rawat, Priyanka Bansal, Pushkar Sharma Phosphoinositides are important second messengers that regulate key cellular processes in eukaryotes. While it is known that a single phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) catalyses the formation of 3’-phosphorylated phosphoinositides (PIPs) in apicomplexan parasites like Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, how its activity and PI3P formation is regulated has remained unknown.

by Stephanie D. Nofal, Caia Dominicus, Malgorzata Broncel, Nicholas J. Katris, Helen R. Flynn, Gustavo Arrizabalaga, Cyrille Y. Botté, Brandon M. Invergo, Moritz Treeck Fundamental processes that govern the lytic cycle of the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii are regulated by several signalling pathways. However, how these pathways are connected remains largely unknown.

by Ningbo Xia, Xuefang Guo, Qinghong Guo, Nishith Gupta, Nuo Ji, Bang Shen, Lihua Xiao, Yaoyu Feng Metabolic pathways underpin the growth and virulence of intracellular parasites and are therefore promising antiparasitic targets.

by Ilia Gelfat, Yousuf Aqeel, Jacqueline M. Tremblay, Justyna J. Jaskiewicz, Anishma Shrestha, James N. Lee, Shenglan Hu, Xi Qian, Loranne Magoun, Abhineet Sheoran, Daniela Bedenice, Colter Giem, Avinash Manjula-Basavanna, Amanda R. Pulsifer, Hann X. Tu, Xiaoli Li, Marilyn L. Minus, Marcia S. Osburne, Saul Tzipori, Charles B. Shoemaker, John M. Leong, Neel S.

by Jun Jie Wong, Foo Kiong Ho, Pei Yi Choo, Kelvin K. L. Chong, Chee Meng Benjamin Ho, Ramesh Neelakandan, Damien Keogh, Timothy Barkham, John Chen, Chuan Fa Liu, Kimberly A. Kline Wound infections are often polymicrobial in nature, biofilm associated and therefore tolerant to antibiotic therapy, and associated with delayed healing. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are among the most frequently cultured pathogens from wound infections.

by Jonathan Munera Lopez, Isadonna F. Tengganu, Jun Liu, John M. Murray, Luisa F. Arias Padilla, Ying Zhang, Peter T. Brown, Laurence Florens, Ke Hu The phylum Apicomplexa includes thousands of species of unicellular parasites that cause a wide range of human and animal diseases such as malaria and toxoplasmosis. To infect, the parasite must first initiate active movement to disseminate through tissue and invade into a host cell, and then cease moving once inside.

by Lauren K. Nicastro, Jaime de Anda, Neha Jain, Kaitlyn C. M. Grando, Amanda L. Miller, Shingo Bessho, Stefania Gallucci, Gerard C. L. Wong, Çagla Tükel Deposition of human amyloids is associated with complex human diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Amyloid proteins are also produced by bacteria.