Research Publications (Food Safety)

Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. willmottiae) is an exclusive sweet lily variety indigenous to China, which is susceptible to bulbous rot caused by fungal infection during storage. This experiment tests the pathogenicity of the pure culture isolated from the diseased tissue was confirmed in accordance with Koch's postulates, and the pathomycetes were identified based on their morphological and molecular characteristics.

BackgroundIt is essential to consider a practical antibody test to successfully implement marker vaccines and validate vaccination efficacy against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The test should include a serological antibody assay, combined with a tool for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA).

Chronic hepatitis B, a major cause of liver disease and cancer, affects >250 million people worldwide. Currently there is no cure, only suppressive therapies. Efforts to develop finite curative hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapies are underway, consisting of combinations of multiple novel agents with or without nucleos(t)ide reverse-transcriptase inhibitors.

Summary Fusarium head blight (FHB) and the presence of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) pose serious threats to wheat production and food safety worldwide. DON, as a virulence factor, is crucial for the spread of FHB pathogens on plants. However, germplasm resources that are naturally resistant to DON and DON‐producing FHB pathogens are inadequate in plants.

by Nisha Mahey, Rushikesh Tambat, Ritu Kalia, Rajnita Ingavale, Akriti Kodesia, Nishtha Chandal, Srajan Kapoor, Dipesh Kumar Verma, Krishan Gopal Thakur, Sanjay Jachak, Hemraj Nandanwar

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a common pathogen that often causes diarrhea, loss of appetite, and even enteritis in domestic cats, affecting their growth and development, especially in kittens under 6 months of age. Oral passive immunization with chicken yolk antibody Y has been proved effective for the treatment of gastrointestinal pathogen infections due to its high specificity. In this study, C.

Abstract

The wheat head blight disease caused by Fusarium graminearum is a major concern for food security and the health of both humans and animals. As a pathogenic microorganism, F. graminearum produces virulence factors during infection to increase pathogenicity, including various macromolecular and small molecular compounds. Among these virulence factors, secreted proteins and deoxynivalenol (DON) are important weapons for the expansion and colonization of F. graminearum.

Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), produces various mycotoxins that contaminate wheat grains and cause profound health problems in humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common trichothecene found in contaminated grains. Our previous study showed that Arabidopsis-expressing F. graminearum trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (FgTRI101) converted DON to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and excreted it outside of Arabidopsis cells.

Staphylococcus species are the primary cause of mastitis in dairy cows across the world. Staphylococcus aureus has recently become a pathogen that is zoonotic and multidrug resistant. This study aimed to sequence whole genomes of 38 S. aureus isolates from 55 subclinical mastitis dairy cows of 7 small-scale farmers in the Free State Province, South Africa and document and their antimicrobial and virulence genes.

The host-specific infection of Avian Astrovirus (AAstVs) has posed significant challenges to the poultry industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. However, few reports exist on the functional consequences of genome diversity, cross-species infectivity and mechanisms governing virus replication of AAstVs, making it difficult to develop measures to control astrovirus transmission.

Camel milk is highly nutritious but contamination with biofilm forming methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may pose a serious threat to human health and food safety. Therefore, sinapic acid (SA) was assessed for its in vitro antibiofilm and antivirulence potential against MRSA isolated from raw camel milk samples.

The rumen microbiota is important for energy and nutrient acquisition in cattle, and therefore its composition may also affect carcass merit and meat quality attributes.

Fumonisin B1, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol are frequently detected in feed materials. The mycotoxins induce free radical formation and, thereby, lipid peroxidation.

Abstract The importance of food quality and safety lies in ensuring the best product quality to meet consumer demands and public health. Advanced technologies play a crucial role in minimizing the risk of foodborne illnesses, contamination, drug residue, and other potential hazards in food. Significant materials and technological advancements have been made throughout the food supply chain.

Giardiasis is a common intestinal infection caused by Giardia duodenalis, which is a major economic and health burden for humans and livestock. Currently, a convenient and effective detection method is urgently needed. CRISPR/Cas12a-based diagnostic methods have been widely used for nucleic acid-based detection of pathogens due to their high efficiency and sensitivity. In this study, a technique combining CRISPR/Cas12a and RPA was established that allows the detection of G.

Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) from the intestinal contents of wild fish may have a relevant ecological significance and could be used as indicators of antimicrobial-resistance dissemination in natural bacterial populations in water bodies impacted by urban contamination. Thus, the occurrence of ARB in the intestinal contents of pelagic and demersal wild fishes captured in anthropogenic-impacted Coquimbo Bay in Chile was studied.

Diarrhea poses a major threat to bovine calves leading to mortality and economic losses. Among the causes of calf diarrhea, bovine rotavirus is a major etiological agent and may result in dysbiosis of gut micr...

The development of a simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 in complex matrices is critical for ensuring food safety. In this study, a fluorescent biosensor employing aptamer (Apt) -functionalized magnetic beads and cascade strand displacement amplification (SDA) was devised for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in milk samples. E.

Campylobacter spp., such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, are important zoonotic Gram-negative pathogens that cause acute intestinal diseases in humans. In this study, a retrospective analysis was conducted on previously collected Campylobacter isolates from antimicrobial resistance surveillance. A total of 29 optrA-positive C.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has caused massive foodborne disease and economic losses in the world and remains a public health problem. ISO 15216–2:2019 is currently the universal standard for the extraction and concentration of HAV detection in food. Nevertheless, the salted food substrate and low viral content often result in low recovery rates or detection sensitivities using the standard ISO method (ISM) and the modified method with PEG(MPM).

The present study aimed to assess the occurrence and counts of Staphylococcus aureus in Brazilian artisanal cheeses (BAC) produced in five regions of Brazil: Coalho and Manteiga (Northeast region); Colonial and Serrano (South); Caipira (Central-West); Marajó (North); and Minas Artisanal cheeses, from Araxá, Campos das Vertentes, Cerrado, Serro and Canastra microregions (Southeast).

The interaction between environmental factors and Vibrio in bivalves is not well understood, despite the widely held belief that pathogen infection and seawater temperature significantly impact summer mortality. In the present study, we conducted simulated experiments to explore the effects of high temperature and Vibrio infection on the clam Meretrix petechialis.

In this work, pristine CeO2 and Zn-doped CeO2 nanorods were prepared through facile hydrothermal process and characterized. The Zn-dopied CeO2 was first used for dispersive solid phase micro extraction (d-SPµE) of lead in water and food. The conditions affecting d-SPµE of lead were optimized. They were pH, adsorption/elution contact time, and eluent type/volume/concentration, interfering ion effects and sample volume.

For food safety, the concentrations and profiles of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) and tetrodotoxin were examined in economically important scallops and bloody clams collected from the coast of the Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. PSTs were the major toxins in both species. The tetrodotoxin concentration in scallops increased in summer, although the highest value (18.7 μg/kg) was lower than the European Food Safety Authority guideline threshold (44 μg/kg).