Integrating Genomics and Farmer Training to Address Antimicrobial Resistance on Puerto Rico Dairy Farms

The major goal of this project is to reduce the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risks on Puerto Rican dairy farms by combining genomic characterization of AMR mechanisms with targeted, farmer-focused education resources. This project will produce genomic maps of resistance and mobile genetic elements, identifying important plasmids, and translate those findings into concise, bilingual educational tools that improve antibiotic stewardship, mastitis prevention, and sustainable management practices on their respective farms. This integrated approach combines genomic research with education to reduce AMR on dairy farms while empowering farmers with sustainable practices.Aim 1 focuses on the genomic characterization. The first objective is to identify and localize AMR genes in E. coli and S. aureus isolates from dairy farms using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and descriptive bioinformatic analyses. The second objective is to classify and analyze the mobility potential of AMR genes in these isolates. This involves quantifying mobility potential by calculating the proportion of AMR genes on mobile genetic elements versus chromosomal AMR genes. Then, plasmids will be classified by incompatibility groups and mobility potential. The third objective will focus on a survey that aims to correlate genomic findings with farm practices. This will integrate data on antibiotic use, housing, management, and will build a statistical model to identify significant associations.Aim 2 focuses on farmer education and outreach. The first objective in this aim is to develop a series of short videos addressing early mastitis detection, responsible antibiotic use, the role of veterinarians, and sustainable practices. The second objective is to disseminate the modules, which will be done through the Puerto Rican Dairy Industry Resources, Penn State Extension, and University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Extension websites, and available for download from those sites. Lastly, the third objective is to assess the comprehension and engagement by asking follow up questions after the program and evaluating the engagement metrics.