INTERACTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON OCEANS AND HUMAN HEALTH: ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS ON OCEAN HEALTH RELATED ILLNESS AND DISEASE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTION STRATEGIES TO BETTER PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH

PROJECT SUMMARYThe overall goal of the Center for the Assessment and Prediction of the Interactions of Climate Change onOceans and Human Health (CAPICCOHH or the Center) is to ?Enhance our knowledge of the role climatechange may play in affecting Vibrio bacterial infections and Cyanobacterial toxin production to develop toolsthat will inform the public of the associated risks and reduce hazards to risk adverse populations that may beadversely affected?. The effects of climate change including both the individual and interactive effects ofincreased temperature, altered salinity, and reduced pH (increasing acidity) on Vibrio bacteria (V. vulnificusand V. parahaemolyticus) and Cyanobacteria will be assessed to determine if there are increased in biofilmformation virulence and antibiotic resistance in Vibrio bacteria and increased growth, bloom dynamics andtoxin production in Cyanaobacteria that may affect human health and seafood safety in molluscan shellfish.This will involve a combination of multi-factorial lab experiments and field studies to identify climate change-related mechanisms that may increase the virulence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio bacteria, V. vulnificusand V. parahaemolyticus and bloom dynamics and toxin production of Microcyctin aeruginosa,Cylindrospermopsis raciborkskii and Anabaena flos-aquae. Specifc focus on how salinity alternations mayaffect Cyanobacterial toxins will be a major focus of these experiments. Chemical studies will focus ondetermining the role of climate change in moderating microbial quorum sensing and harmful algal bloom toxinproduction in cultures and natural waters and in development of comprehensive multifactorial models ofclimate change driven alterations in surface water composition on the kinetics and by-products of harmful algalbloom toxin oxidation in sunlit waters and on sediment surfaces. Also sediment cores from lake bottoms will beanalyzed for relic levels of Cyanobacterial toxins and will be dated using radio-isotope to and compared tohistorical changes in climate. Toxicological investigation of novel biogeochemical transport and transformationof these important infectious agents, Cyanobacterial toxins and microplastics, alone and in mixtures will alsobe studied, along with potential exposure mechanisms and resulting toxicology in mammalian models and inmolluscan shellfish. The interactive effects of both individual and mixture exposures to highly virulent andantibiotic resistant Vibrio bacteria, highly toxic Cyanobacterial toxins and microplastics in water and seafood(molluscan shellfish) will be investigated for adverse effects on organs, inflammation and disease usingmammalian models to indicate effects of climate change on human health. These projects will be managed byan Administrative Core (Director and Deputy Director) who will operate the Center on a daily basis and overseethe collaboration and integration of the projects and a Community Engagement Core which will translatetechnical findings into informational products and forecast that alert the public and better protect public health.