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This SBIR proposal describes a program to develop a small, portable, low-power amperometric nitrate and nitrite sensor for groundwater. A renewable, robust sensor integrated into a microfluidic system is proposed and will be designed to specifically detect nitrate and nitrite anions without significant dilution or reduction in the sensitivity of the detected species.
The proposed microfluidic, electrochemical sensor will use sol-gel modified, screen-printed microelectrodes which will enhance the sensitivity and limit of detection of the device compared to electrodes of conventional size. The device will also use a simple pump and valve system for both electrolyte and sample introduction into the sensor compartment and proven electrochemical instrumentation for nitrate and nitrite detection. The proposed sensor will be applicable to real time, on-site monitoring of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in groundwater.
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The quantitative determination of nitrite and nitrate is of increasing interest for drinking water quality, wastewater treatment, the food industry and the control of remediation procedures. The control of water quality is also important to avoid contamination of food produced when water is used as a raw material. Furthermore, nitrate is also introduced into groundwater supplies (the sole source of drinking water for many rural communities) through inorganic fertilizers and animal manure from agricultural lands. The proposed sensor will be cost-effective and efficient and applicable to field portable monitoring for on-site, real-time detection.