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<ol>
<li>To measure the kinetics of biodegradation of veterinary fluoroquinolone drugs in natural matrices. </li>
<li>To identify the potential metabolites produced by fungi from fluoroquinolones. </li>
<li>To assess the residual antibacterial activiy and potential risks of the metabolites formed from these drugs.</li> </ol>
<p>
FY 2000 Accomplishments:<ol>
<li>Three fungi were shown to transform a model phenothiazine drug, Nacetylphenothiazine,to N-acetylphenothiazine sulfoxide, phenothiazine sulfoxide phenothiazin-3-one, phenothiazine N-glucoside, and phenothiazine. </li>
<li>The fungus Mucor ramannianus was shown to transform the veterinary fluoroquinolone drug enrofloxacin to enrofloxacin N-oxide, N-acetylcipro-floxacin, and desethylene-enrofloxacin. </li>
<li>Methods for preparing food samples for the chromatographic analysis of flavors and off-flavors in foods were reviewed. </li>
<li>The mycotoxin fusarin C was shown not to have a role in the formation of DNA adducts by Fusarium culture extracts.</li> </ol></p>
<p>
FY 2001 Plans: <ol>
<li>Studies on metabolism of the veterinary fluoroquinolone sarafloxacin by Mucor ramannianus and other fungi. </li>
<li>Studies on the method of formation of unusual hydroxyvinylcyclopentenone conjugates from ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin by the fungus Trichoderma viride. </li>
<li>Identification of the metabolites produced from norfloxacin and sarafloxacin by Trichoderma viride grown on rice hulls (poultry litter).</li>
<li>Isolation of new strains of fungi from litter in poultry houses and screening them for the biotransformation of veterinary fluoroquinolones.</li> </ol></p>