Research Publications (Food Safety)

Author(s): Khin Zar Linn, Munenori Furuta, Motokazu Nakayama, Yoshimitsu Masuda, Ken-ichi Honjoh, Takahisa Miyamoto

Author(s): Lili Li, Rikke Heidemann Olsen, Chong Wang, Anhua Song, Jian Xiao, Hecheng Meng, Troels Ronco, Lei Shi Salmonella enterica displaying resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone (FQs) has been deemed a high-priority pathogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). While CTX-M type acquired β-lactamases have been detected in S. enterica serovar Bovismorbificans, DHA enzymes have been rarely reported in S. Bovismorbificans.

Abstract

by Tze Chiew Christie Soo, Subha Bhassu

Author(s): Rajashri Banerji, Anjali Mahamune, Sunil D. Saroj

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that antibiotic administration causes gut injury, negatively affecting nutrient digestion, immune regulation, and colonization resistance against pathogens due to the disruption of gut microbiota. However, the time-course effects of therapeutic antibiotics on alterations of gut microbes and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in young swine are still unknown.

In veterinary medicine, the issue of antimicrobial resistance was mainly addressed in food-producing animals (although companion animals also deserve attention). Indeed, these species may be reservoir of resistant microorganisms, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC (ESBL/AmpC)-producing bacteria. Dogs in particular may transmit them to close-contact humans.

Following a surge in the prevalence of chloramphenicol-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Kuwait hospitals, this study investigated the genotypes and antibiotic resistance of the chloramphenicol-resistant isolates to ascertain whether they represented new or a resurgence of sporadic endemic clones. Fifty-four chloramphenicol-resistant MRSA isolates obtained in 2014–2015 were investigated. Antibiotic resistance was tested by disk diffusion and MIC determination.

A mutant of Listeria monocytogenes ScottA with a transposon in the 5' untranslated region of the asnB gene was identified to be hypersensitive to the antimicrobial t-cinnamaldehyde. Here, we report the functional characterization of AsnB in peptidoglycan (PG) modification and intracellular infection.

Spatial organization of chemotactic proteins is important for cooperative response to external stimuli. However, factors affecting the localization dynamics of chemotaxis proteins are less studied. According to some reports, had found that the polar localization of chemotaxis system I is induced by hypoxia and starvation in Vibrio cholerae. However, in V. cholerae, the chemotaxis system I is not involved in flagellum-mediated chemotaxis, and it may play other alternative cellular functions.

Phosphorous (P) deficiency is a major challenge faced by global agriculture. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) provide a sustainable approach to supply available phosphates to plants with improved crop productivity through synergistic interaction with plant roots. The present study demonstrates an insight into this synergistic P-solubilizing mechanism of PSB isolated from rhizosphere soils of major wheat-growing agro-ecological zones of Pakistan.

by David M. Bland, Adélaïde Miarinjara, Christopher F. Bosio, Jeanette Calarco, B. Joseph Hinnebusch

Author(s): Josphat N. Gichure, Patrick Murigu Kamau Njage, Joseph M. Wambui, Gary A. Dykes, Elna M. Buys, Ranil Coorey

Author(s): Frank B. Lake, Leo S. van Overbeek, Johan J.P. Baars, Jeroen Koomen, Tjakko Abee, Heidy M.W. den Besten

Salmonella , a major foodborne pathogen, causes severe gastrointestinal disease in people and animals worldwide. Plasmid-borne mcr-1 , which confers colistin resistance in Salmonella, has significant epidemiological interest for public health safety.

  Salmonella enterica   serovar Infantis is the fifth most common   Salmonella   serovar isolated in England and Wales.

In this study, the diversity of bphA genes was assessed in a 13C-enriched metagenome upon stable isotope probing (SIP) of microbial populations in legacy PCB-contaminated soil with 13C-biphenyl (BP). In total, 13 bphA sequence variants (SVs) were identified in the final amplicon dataset.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are pathogens that have been found in several countries, with a significant public health concern. Characterizing the mode of resistance and determining the prevailing clones are vital to the epidemiology of CRE in our community. This study was conducted to characterize the molecular mode of resistance and to determine the clonality of the CRE fecal isolates among community food handlers (FHs) vs. infected control patients (ICPs) in Kuwait.

Background:Campylobacter is commonly transmitted to humans from chickens. Campylobacter jejuni is the species most frequently associated with human illness, and the most prevalent species recovered from poultry.

Sepsis is a common and often treacherous medical emergency with a high mortality and long-term complications in survivors. Though antibiotic therapy can reduce death rate of sepsis significantly, it impairs gut microbiota (GM), which play imperative roles in human health.

Background

Recycled manure solids (RMS) bedding is an alternative bedding option that is growing in popularity on Canadian dairy farms. However, the microbiological characteristics and production of RMS bedding are poorly documented under on-farm conditions in eastern Canada. This bedding could support the presence of pathogens and could have an effect on cow and human health. The aim of this study was to describe the RMS microbiota when used under dairy cows and compare it with straw bedding.

Author(s): Sarah Azinheiro, Dipak Ghimire, Joana Carvalho, Marta Prado, Alejandro Garrido-Maestu

Author(s): Mi Wu, Lu Tian, Jiapeng Fu, Sichen Liao, Hui Li, Zhongchao Gai, Guoli Gong

Author(s): Alexandra Belias, Genevieve Sullivan, Martin Wiedmann, Renata Ivanek