Research Publications (Food Safety)

Large clostridial toxins (LCTs) are secreted virulence factors found in several species, including Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Paeniclostridium sordellii, and Clostridium novyi. LCTs are large toxins that lack a secretion signal sequence and studies by others have shown the LCTs of C. difficile, TcdA and TcdB, require a holin-like protein, TcdE, for secretion. The TcdE gene is located on the PaLoc pathogenicity locus of C.

Clostridium perfringens is the second leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the United States. The Wadsworth Center (WC) at the New York State Department of Health enumerates infectious dose from primary patient and food samples and, until recently, identified C. perfringens to the species level only. We investigated whether whole-genome sequence-based subtyping could benefit epidemiological investigations of this pathogen, as it has with other enteric organisms.

Author(s): Yugal Raj Bindari, Sarbast K. Kheravii, Christine Morton, Shu-Biao Wu, Stephen W. Walkden-Brown, Priscilla F. Gerber

Clostridium perfringens Type G strains cause necrotic enteritis (NE) in poultry, an economically important disease that is a major target of in-feed antibiotics. NE is a multifactorial disease, involving not only the critically-important NetB toxin, but also additional virulence and virulence-associated factors. We previously identified a C. perfringens chromosomal locus (VR-10B) associated with disease-causing strains that is predicted to encode a sortase-dependant pilus.

Author(s): Dorthe Sandvang, Line Skjoet-Rasmussen, Mette Dines Cantor, Greg F. Mathis, Brett S. Lumpkins, Alfred Blanch

Clostridium perfringens is a serious threat to successful bovine farming. It causes severe damage to the buffalo and cattle health causing a drastic reduction in milk and meat production. In Pakistan, C. perfringens is a constant threat, and for its management, antibiotics are mostly used. Most bovine farmers use a single antibiotic to suppress the bacterial infection which in turn, increases the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) against the particular antibiotic.

Author(s): Caihu Liao, Yigang Yu

Applying probiotics to improve gut health and growth performance of pigs is considered an effective approach to reduce use of antimicrobial growth promoters in swine production. Understanding the properties of these probiotics is a prerequisite for the selection of probiotic strains for pigs. Host-adapted probiotic strains were suggested to exert probiotic effects by different mechanisms when compared to free-living or nomadic probiotic strains.

Author(s): Kosar Gharib-Naseri, Sarbast Kheravii, Chake Keerqin, Robert A. Swick, Mingan Choct, Shu-Biao Wu

The difference between left- and right-sided colon cancer has become the focus of global attention, and researchers have found differences in the morbidity, molecular biological characteristics, and response to targeted drug therapy between left- and right-sided colon cancer. Therefore, the identification of more effective predictive indicators is critical for providing guidance to future clinical work.

Author(s): Jiyun Li, Yuqing Zhou, Dawei Yang, Shan Zhang, Zhiliang Sun, Yang Wang, Shaolin Wang, Congming Wu

Author(s): Woo Bin Hyun, Hai Seong Kang, Jae Won Lee, Haftom Baraki Abraha, Kwang-Pyo Kim

Author(s): Jae-Hyun Cho, Joon-Gi Kwon, Daniel J. O'Sullivan, Sangryeol Ryu, Ju-Hoon Lee

Author(s): Fangshen Guo, Fangyuan Wang, Haiyan Ma, Zhouzheng Ren, Xiaojun Yang, Xin Yang

Author(s): Mauricio Redondo-Solano, Carol Valenzuela-Martinez, Vijay K. Juneja, Dennis E. Burson, Harshavardhan Thippareddi

ABSTRACT

Author(s): Dongryeoul Bae, Jeong-Woo Lee, Jong-Pyo Chae, Jae-Won Kim, Jong-Su Eun, Kyung-Woo Lee, Kun-Ho Seo

Clostridium perfringens poses a serious threat to small ruminants by causing moderate to severe enterotoxaemia. Due to its ability to produce a wide arsenal of toxins, it is ranked among the most prevalent and important pathogens in livestock. This study focused on the molecular characterization of different Clostridium perfringens types along with their antimicrobial resistance profile. An overall higher prevalence of C.

Author(s): Lucilla Iacumin, Giuseppe Comi

Clostridium (C.) perfringens is the causative agent of several diseases and enteric infections in animals and humans. The pathogenicity of the bacterium is largely mediated by the production of a wide range of toxins. Individual C. perfringens strains produce only subsets of this toxin repertoire, which permits the classification in seven toxinotypes (A–G). In addition, a variety of minor toxins further characterizes the single strains.

Author(s): Xinheng Zhang, Qiqi Zhao, Xiaotong Ci, Sheng Chen, Zi Xie, Hongxin Li, Huanmin Zhang, Feng Chen, Qingmei Xie

Author(s): Jingjing Sun, Cheng Zhang, Bingkun Zhang

ABSTRACT Aims This study aimed to determine the toxin genotypes, virulence determinants, and antibiogram of Clostridium perfringens isolated from poultry, animals, and humans. Biofilm formation and the efficacy of disinfectants on C. perfringens biofilms were studied. Methods and Results Thirty C. perfringens isolates (20 clinical and 10 from chicken carcasses) were genotyped by PCR and all isolates were genotype A (cpa+).

In Japan, strategies for ensuring food safety have been developed without reliable scientific evidence on the relation between foodborne infections and foods. The aim of this research was to provide information on the proportions of foodborne diseases caused by seven major causative pathogens ( Campylobacte r spp., Salmonella spp., EHEC, V. parahaemolyticus , Clostridium perfringens , Staphylococcus aureus , and Norovirus) attributable to foods using analysis of outbreak surveillance data.

Timely and accurate methods for detecting Clostridium perfringens-associated diseases (CPAD) are crucial to improve patient care. A number of studies have evaluated the accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) in detecting CPAD, but decisive results about their effectiveness have not been reported. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic performance of NAAT for detecting C. perfringens in clinical diarrheal samples.